Ever noticed how some sentences feel… connected? How one part depends on another to make complete sense? That’s often the work of a special group of words called subordinating conjunctions. They’re the glue that holds complex ideas together, making our writing richer and more interesting. Let’s explore this important literary device!
What is a Subordinating Conjunction?
Simply put, a subordinating conjunction connects a dependent clause to an independent clause. An independent clause is a complete thought that can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause, however, cannot stand alone; it depends on the independent clause for its meaning. The subordinating conjunction shows the relationship between these two parts, indicating things like time, cause, contrast, or condition.
Basic Definition & Examples
A subordinating conjunction is a word that introduces a dependent clause and connects it to an independent clause.
Examples:
- Because it was raining, we stayed inside.
- We went to the park after we finished our homework.
- If you study hard, you will succeed.
- She is happy although she is tired.
Notice how the clause introduced by the subordinating conjunction cannot stand alone as a complete sentence? That’s the key!
Common Subordinating Conjunctions
There are many subordinating conjunctions, but here are some of the most frequently used:
- Time: after, before, when, while, until, since, as soon as
- Cause/Reason: because, since, as
- Condition: if, unless, provided that, in case
- Contrast/Concession: although, though, even though, whereas, while
- Place: where, wherever
- Purpose: so that, in order that
Memorizing these isn’t crucial, but recognizing them in writing will greatly improve your understanding of sentence structure.
How Subordinating Conjunctions Work: In-Depth Examples
Let’s look at how these conjunctions shape meaning. We’ll break down examples by category.
Time Relationships
- After the movie ended, we went for ice cream. (Shows one event happening following another)
- Before you leave, please close the door. (Indicates an action that must happen prior to another)
- We were playing outside while the sun was shining. (Shows two actions happening simultaneously)
- I have known her since I was a child. (Indicates a duration of time)
- As soon as the bell rang, the students rushed out. (Indicates immediacy)
Cause & Reason
- Because it was cold, I wore a coat. (Provides a reason for wearing a coat)
- Since you asked nicely, I will help you. (Offers a reason for offering help)
- As the years passed, he became wiser. (Demonstrates a connection between time and wisdom)
Condition
- If you practice regularly, you will improve. (States a condition for improvement)
- You can go to the party unless you finish your chores. (Sets a condition that prevents attending)
- Provided that you have a ticket, you may enter. (States a necessary condition)
- In case of emergency, break glass. (Indicates a condition requiring a specific action)
Contrast & Concession
- Although she was tired, she continued to work. (Acknowledges tiredness but emphasizes continued work)
- Though it was raining, we still went for a walk. (Acknowledges rain but emphasizes the walk)
- Even though he failed the test, he didn’t give up. (Emphasizes persistence despite failure)
- She enjoys classical music, whereas her brother prefers rock. (Highlights a difference in preference)
Place & Purpose
- You can sit where you like. (Indicates a location choice)
- We traveled wherever the road took us. (Indicates a willingness to explore)
- He saved money so that he could buy a car. (States the purpose of saving money)
- I exercise in order that I may stay healthy. (States the purpose of exercising)
Subordinating Conjunctions vs. Coordinating Conjunctions
It’s easy to confuse subordinating conjunctions with coordinating conjunctions (and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet). The key difference? Coordinating conjunctions connect equal parts of a sentence, namely two independent clauses. Subordinating conjunctions, as we’ve seen, create a relationship of dependence.
Example:
Coordinating: I went to the store, and I bought some milk.
Subordinating: Because I needed milk, I went to the store.
See how the first sentence joins two complete thoughts? The second sentence shows one thought depending on another.
Using Subordinating Conjunctions Effectively
Mastering subordinating conjunctions isn’t just about grammar; it’s about crafting clear, nuanced writing. Using them effectively allows you to:
- Show relationships between ideas: Clearly communicate how events connect in terms of time, cause, or condition.
- Create complex sentences: Move beyond simple sentence structures to express more sophisticated thoughts.
- Vary sentence structure: Avoid monotony and make your writing more engaging.
- Emphasize key information: Subordinating conjunctions can subtly shift the focus of a sentence.
By consciously choosing these conjunctions, you can control the flow of your writing and guide your reader’s understanding.
Practice Makes Perfect
The best way to become comfortable with subordinating conjunctions is to practice identifying and using them. Try rewriting simple sentences into complex sentences using these conjunctions. Experiment with different conjunctions to see how they change the meaning and emphasis.
With a little effort, you’ll be well on your way to mastering this important literary device and elevating your writing skills!