Stories, arguments, and essays all need a satisfying finish. That finish, that sense of completeness, is often crafted through a literary device called a Conclusion. It’s more than just the last sentence; it’s a deliberate strategy used by writers to leave a lasting impression on the reader. Let’s explore this important tool.
What is a Conclusion?
In its simplest form, a Conclusion is the bringing together of all the main ideas in a piece of writing. It’s the final section, the closing remarks, where the writer summarizes, reflects on, or extends the points made. A strong conclusion doesn’t simply restate what’s been said; it synthesizes it, offering a fresh perspective or a call to action. Think of it as the final chord of a song – it should resonate and leave the audience feeling satisfied.
Basic Definition and Examples
A Conclusion provides a sense of closure. Here are some very basic examples:
- Simple Summary: “Therefore, regular exercise is crucial for maintaining good health.” (This summarizes a discussion on the benefits of exercise.)
- Final Thought: “And so, the little bird flew away, carrying a tiny piece of hope with it.” (This concludes a short story with a thematic resonance.)
- Call to Action: “Let us all commit to reducing our carbon footprint and protecting our planet.” (This concludes an argumentative essay with a plea for change.)
Types of Conclusions
Writers employ various techniques to create impactful conclusions. Understanding these different types will help you both analyze literature and refine your own writing.
Summary Conclusion
This is the most straightforward type. It restates the main points of the writing, offering a concise recap. It’s effective for informational texts or arguments where clarity is paramount.
Example: “In conclusion, the study of ancient Egypt reveals a sophisticated civilization with advancements in mathematics, architecture, and medicine. Their complex religious beliefs, innovative irrigation techniques, and monumental structures continue to fascinate scholars today.”
Thematic Conclusion
This type goes beyond simply restating the facts. It emphasizes the underlying theme or message of the work, leaving the reader with a deeper understanding. It often involves a reflective tone.
Example: (Concluding a story about a character overcoming adversity) “Old Man Tiber’s weathered hands, once gnarled with despair, now held a single, blossoming rose. It was a small thing, a fragile beauty, but it spoke volumes about the resilience of the human spirit and the enduring power of hope, even in the face of overwhelming loss.”
Call to Action Conclusion
Common in persuasive writing, this type urges the reader to take a specific action or consider a particular viewpoint. It’s designed to inspire change or motivate involvement.
Example: “The evidence is clear. Climate change is a pressing issue that demands immediate attention. We must pressure our elected officials to enact meaningful environmental policies, invest in renewable energy sources, and embrace sustainable practices in our daily lives. The future of our planet depends on it.”
Circular Conclusion
This technique brings the writing full circle by referencing the introduction or a key image or idea presented at the beginning. It creates a sense of unity and completion.
Example: (If a story began with the description of a lighthouse) “As the sun dipped below the horizon, casting long shadows across the sea, the lighthouse beam swept across the waves, a steadfast beacon of hope. Just as it had guided sailors for generations, it now illuminated the path forward for those who dared to dream. The cycle of light and darkness, of challenge and triumph, continued.”
Advanced Techniques and Examples
Beyond the basic types, skilled writers employ more nuanced techniques to craft compelling conclusions.
Expanding the Scope
A conclusion can broaden the discussion by suggesting implications or future directions. This demonstrates a comprehensive understanding of the topic.
Example: (Concluding a discussion about the impact of social media) “While social media has undoubtedly transformed the way we communicate, its long-term effects on society remain to be seen. Further research is needed to explore the potential consequences for political discourse, mental health, and the erosion of privacy. The digital landscape is constantly evolving, and we must remain vigilant in our efforts to harness its power for good.”
Offering a New Perspective
A strong conclusion can present a fresh insight or challenge the reader’s assumptions. This encourages critical thinking and leaves a lasting impression.
Example: (Concluding an analysis of a historical event) “For centuries, the Battle of Hastings has been portrayed as a decisive victory for William the Conqueror. However, a closer examination reveals a more complex narrative, one that highlights the resilience of the English people and the enduring power of cultural exchange. The ‘Norman Conquest’ was not simply a subjugation, but a fusion of cultures that shaped the course of British history.”
Using Imagery and Symbolism
Evocative language can add depth and resonance to a conclusion. A well-placed image or symbol can linger in the reader’s mind long after they finish reading.
Example: (Concluding a poem about loss) “The empty swing set creaked in the wind, a silent echo of laughter lost. A single autumn leaf spiraled to the ground, a fragile reminder of the fleeting nature of life. But even in the midst of sorrow, a glimmer of hope remained, like a tiny seed buried beneath the snow, waiting for the warmth of spring.”
Avoiding Common Pitfalls
Crafting a compelling conclusion requires careful attention to detail. Here are some common mistakes to avoid:
- Introducing New Information: The conclusion is not the place to introduce new arguments or evidence.
- Simply Restating: Avoid merely repeating what you’ve already said. Synthesize and offer a fresh perspective.
- Apologizing: Don’t undermine your argument with phrases like “I may be wrong, but…”
- Being Abrupt: The conclusion should provide a sense of closure, not leave the reader feeling rushed or unfinished.
A well-crafted conclusion is the finishing touch that elevates your writing from good to exceptional. It’s an opportunity to leave a lasting impression on your reader, reinforce your message, and demonstrate the power of your ideas. By understanding the different types of conclusions and avoiding common pitfalls, you can master this essential literary device and create writing that truly resonates.