The Mountain Graveyard
By John H. Bryant
I know a hill with a breast of flowers
Where the swallows play in the summer hours,
Where the grasshopper chirps and the wild bee hums,
And the low of the kine on the cool air comes,
And the soft winds breathe with a whispering sigh
From the skirt of the lofty woodland nigh.
There the cheerful sound of the streamlet rings
As it leaps away from the place of springs;
The strawberry blossoms in May dew there,
And ripens its fruit in the summer air;
And the grey squirrel barks in the beechen wood
As he gathers the nuts for his winter food.
‘Tis a spot where the daylight latest stays
And earliest comes with its crimson rays,
And life is above where the light winds go,
But the dead are asleep in the earth below.
There are shrubs and wild briars springing round,
And I know by the stones and the swell of the ground.Where the friends that have gone before me lie,
Each one with his feet to the eastern sky;
Yes, the fair young child, with its flaxen hair,
And age, with the marks of toil and care,
And youth, with its joys and its hopes so bright,
With a blooming cheek and an eye of light,
And they in the strength and midst of life,
Are gathered here from earth’s toil and strife;
And the mean of earth and the good and brave
Lie side by side in the quiet grave.I go to that spot when the early flowers
Awake on these bright sunny hills of ours;
When the airs of the south breathe over the plain,
And the bluebird sings in the woods again;
When, waked by rains from their winter rest,
Brook calls to brook on the mountain’s breast,
And the young leaves dance in each passing breath,
I often visit these haunts of death.When the summer comes, with its sultry heat,
And fierce on the earth the sunbeams beat;
When the leaf on the poplar’s bough is still,
And hushed is the voice of the mountain rill;
When the tall grass droops in the torrid glare,
And no sound is abroad in the motionless air,
I wander there for a breath of the gale
That’s a stranger then in my native vale.When the maize on the autumn hills is white,
And the yellow forests are bathed in light;
When the sun looks down with a milder ray,
And the dry leaves whirl in the gust away;
When the evening comes with glorious hues,
And the crimson clouds distill their dews;
When the winds of the icy north are still,
I sometimes visit this lonely hill.I have followed through winter’s sleety air
The lifeless form of a parent there,
When the deep snows over the mountains lay,
And the voiceless streams flowed slowly away.
Seven brothers and sisters stood around
The narrow vault in the frozen ground;
With their sainted mother, her great heart broke,
Her tall form bowed by the sudden stroke.
And we buried him there when the north winds blew,
And our tears fell fast like the summer dew,
And like ice to our hearts the cold earth slid,
With a hollow sound, on his coffin lid.And still as the years of my life depart
Shall that lonely spot be dear to my heart;
For many a friend of my earlier days,
Who journeyed with me life’s devious ways.
There lies in his long, long dreamless rest,
With the damp earth clinging around his breast;
And a voice comes up from each grassy tomb
As I tread those paths in the twilight’s gloom,
That tells me the hours of my own brief day
Are swiftly and silently passing away.
Summary of The Mountain Graveyard
- Popularity of “The Mountain Graveyard”: The poem ‘The Mountain Graveyard’ was written by John Harland Bryant, an American poet, and writer. It is a reflective poetic piece that speaks about a cemetery located on a mountain and the speaker’s attachment with it. Additionally, it serves as a reflection of humanity’s predestined fate. Even though the poem primarily talks about a particular graveyard, its meaningful portrayal of life makes it a gem for admirers of poetry.
- “The Mountain Graveyard” As a Representative of Death: The poem accounts for the speaker’s feelings regarding life and death. The description of a beautiful hill, which serves as the centerpiece of natural beauty, is where it all begins. The place seems to be the house of tiny creatures who love to play, hop and enjoy there. In addition, the abundance of ripe fruit in the fertile land can be attributed to its prolonged sun exposure. Although there seems life in every corner, the dead lying under the ground cannot enjoy the priceless beauty of nature. As the poem progresses, the speaker provides additional details about the hill, revealing that it contains burial grounds for people of nearly every age group.
The gone spirits must have possessed power in the world but are now lying quietly in their graves. To illustrate his deep connection to this graveyard, the speaker affirms that when he goes to this location every season, he observes the weather changing, which in turn brings discernible alterations to the earth there. Those who have died are unaffected by any alterations. He goes to that place specifically to visit the graves of his friends, as those silent graves serve as a constant reminder to him. The lifeless ground swelling reminds him of his own mortality. - Major Themes in “The Mountain Graveyard”: The transience of life, unavoidable death, and acceptance of facts are the major themes of the poem. The poem discusses life and death in a contrastive manner. The speaker mentions how nature’s vibrant colors offer countless possibilities for creatures. It fulfills their needs and gives them a chance to grow to customize themselves. He explains no matter how active life seems on earth, death willingly puts a full stop to all activities going on in the world. The captivating beauty of the colorful graveyard on the hill holds no significance for the deceased. They might have exhibited a power show in their life, but now they are lying silently in their graves, unshakeable by the grandeur of nature. Within this modest poem, the speaker draws attention to the unmodifiable cycle of nature. Every living creature will depart one day, leaving all these glories behind.
Analysis of Literary Devices Used in The Mountain Graveyard
literary devices allow the writers to make their poetic writings beautiful and impactful. John Bryant also used some literary devices in this poem, whose analysis is as follows.
- Assonance: Assonance is the repetition of vowel sounds in the same line, such as the sound of /a/ in “‘Tis a spot where the daylight latest stays” and the sound of /i/ in “With a hollow sound, on his coffin lid”.
- Alliteration: Alliteration is the repetition of consonant sounds in the same line, such as the sound of /c/ in “crimson clouds” and the sound of /f/ in “fell fast”.
- Consonance: Consonance is the repetition of consonant sounds in the same line, such as the sound of /s/, /t/ and /l/ in “Are swiftly and silently passing away” and the sound of /r/ in “With their sainted mother, her great heart broke”.
- Enjambment: It is defined as a thought in verse that does not come to an end at a line break; rather, it rolls over to the next line. For example,
“And the grey squirrel barks in the beechen wood
As he gathers the nuts for his winter food.
‘Tis a spot where the daylight latest stays
And earliest comes with its crimson rays.”
- Imagery: Imagery is used to make readers perceive things involving their five senses. John H. Bryant used imagery in this poem, such as “There lies in his long, long dreamless rest”, “And a voice comes up from each grassy tomb” and “With the damp earth clinging around his breast”.
- Metaphor: It is a figure of speech in which an implied comparison is made between the objects that are different in nature. The poet used death as an extended metaphor in the poem to show how everyone in the earth is heading toward the predestined end.
- Onomatopoeia: The poem shows the use of onomatopoeia that means the association of sounds with the things such as “Where the grasshopper chirps and the bee hums”.
- Personification: Personification is to give human qualities to inanimate objects. The poet personified hill in the beginning of poem such as “I know a hill with a breast of flowers” or other things personified such as sound that is cheerful or hope that is bright.
- Symbolism: Symbolism is using symbols to signify ideas and qualities, giving them symbolic meanings that are different from the literal meanings. Expression like “frozen ground” and “long dreamless rest” symbolizes the death.
- Simile: The poem shows the use of similes such as “And our tears fell fast like the summer dew” and “And like ice to our hearts the cold earth slid”.
Analysis of Poetic Devices Used in The Mountain Graveyard
Poetic and literary devices are the same, but a few are used only in poetry. Here is the analysis of some of the poetic devices used in this poem.
- Diction: The poem shows descriptive diction having metaphors.
- End Rhyme: End Rhyme is used to make the stanza melodious. For example, “flowers/hours”, “rings/springs” and “day/away”.
- Stanza: A stanza is a poetic form of some lines. There are seven stanzas in this poem with each comprising a different number of verses.
Quotes to be Used
These lines from “The Mountain Graveyard” are suitable to quote in speeches and discussions while talking about the reality of this life.
“And a voice comes up from each grassy tomb
As I tread those paths in the twilight’s gloom,
That tells me the hours of my own brief day
Are swiftly and silently passing away.”