To Err is Human
The phrase “to err is human” encapsulates a profound truth about the human condition—we are all fallible. It acknowledges that making mistakes is not a sign of weakness or moral failing, but rather an inherent part of being human. Frequently completed as “to err is human, to forgive, divine,” the phrase highlights not only the inevitability of error but also the higher virtue of compassion and understanding. It’s a cornerstone of empathy, suggesting that extending forgiveness is a uniquely generous and godlike quality.
Origin of “To Err is Human”
The phrase, in its complete form, “To err is human; to forgive, divine,” is most famously attributed to the English poet Alexander Pope. It appears in his 1711 poem, An Essay on Criticism, Part II, as a succinct and memorable couplet. However, the sentiment itself predates Pope. Earlier writers such as Henry King, in a 1675 sermon, used a similar phrase: “To err is human; to forgive, divine.” These expressions show that the idea of human fallibility has been recognized for centuries. Pope’s version, however, proved the most enduring, achieving proverbial status and solidifying itself in the English lexicon.
Analysis: Connecting to Literature and Importance
The power of “to err is human” within literature stems from its universality. Authors employ this concept to create relatable characters, explore complex moral dilemmas, and foster empathy within their readers. A character who makes mistakes—and acknowledges them—feels more authentic, more human. Consider tragedies, for instance. Often, the downfall of a tragic hero isn’t a result of malicious intent but a consequence of flawed judgment, a human error. This allows audiences to connect with the character’s suffering, recognizing that even the noblest individuals are susceptible to making mistakes.
Beyond tragedy, the phrase frequently appears in works exploring themes of redemption and forgiveness. Authors use it to emphasize the importance of second chances and the transformative power of compassion. By acknowledging the fallibility of their characters, they create space for growth, healing, and ultimately, a more nuanced understanding of the human experience. The phrase serves as a reminder that perfection is unattainable, and that true strength lies in acknowledging our weaknesses and striving to learn from our mistakes.
Example #1: An Essay on Criticism by Alexander Pope
To err is human; to forgive, divine:
To taste of every pleasure, every pain,
To trust too far, and yet to live in pain,
To seek for truth, and yet to doubt again.
In Pope’s poem, the couplet isn’t merely a standalone statement; it’s integrated into a broader argument about effective criticism. He suggests that critics, being human themselves, should avoid excessive harshness and embrace understanding. By recognizing the fallibility of both the writer and the reader, a more constructive and compassionate dialogue can emerge. The phrase serves as a guiding principle for approaching criticism with humility and grace.
Example #2: The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne
While Hawthorne doesn’t explicitly state “to err is human,” the entire premise of The Scarlet Letter revolves around the concept. Hester Prynne commits adultery, a grave sin in Puritan society, but the novel doesn’t simply condemn her. Instead, it explores the complexities of her transgression, the societal pressures that contributed to it, and her subsequent journey of redemption. The novel implicitly acknowledges that humans are flawed and capable of making mistakes, and that true morality lies in accepting responsibility and striving for growth, not in enforcing rigid judgment.
Example #3: Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen
Austen’s characters frequently demonstrate the truth of the phrase. Elizabeth Bennet initially misjudges Mr. Darcy based on pride and prejudice, a clear example of human error. Darcy, too, makes mistakes in his attempts to separate Jane and Bingley. The novel’s resolution hinges on both characters acknowledging their errors and learning from them. The narrative highlights that self‑awareness and a willingness to admit mistakes are essential for building healthy relationships and achieving personal growth.
Beyond Literature: Wider Implications
The power of “to err is human” extends far beyond the realm of literature. It has significant implications for fields like psychology, education, and leadership. In psychology, the phrase aligns with the concept of cognitive biases—systematic patterns of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment. These biases demonstrate that human thinking is inherently flawed and prone to error. In education, acknowledging the inevitability of mistakes can create a more supportive learning environment, encouraging students to take risks and learn from their failures. Effective leaders recognize that mistakes are inevitable and use them as opportunities for growth and improvement, fostering a culture of learning and innovation.
The phrase also serves as a valuable reminder to practice self‑compassion. We are often our own harshest critics, holding ourselves to unrealistic standards. Recognizing that making mistakes is simply part of being human can alleviate guilt and shame, allowing us to approach our failures with greater understanding and resilience. It’s a powerful antidote to perfectionism and a crucial ingredient for a fulfilling and meaningful life.
Example in Sentences:
- “I understand you’re upset with your brother, but remember, to err is human.”
- “The manager, believing that to err is human, chose to mentor the employee instead of reprimanding them.”
- “The motivational speaker reminded the audience that to err is human, but to learn from those errors is divine.”
- “Allen accidentally broke my vase, but I forgave him quickly, knowing that to err is human and forgiveness is a virtue.”
- “While environmental mistakes have been made, to err is human; the true test lies in our commitment to correcting them.”
Ultimately, “to err is human” is more than just a proverb; it’s a profound statement about the human condition—a reminder that our imperfections are not a source of shame, but a fundamental part of what makes us human. It’s a call for empathy, understanding, and forgiveness—qualities that are essential for building a more compassionate and just world.